Key Related Ideas The Brown vs. Board of Education is considered one of the defining court cases in the history of the civil rights movement, laying the foundation for eventually ending legalized segregation in the South. Although the case did not result in an immediate and absolute victory at the time, it did eventually win the Supreme Court ruling, outlawing segregation and laying the groundwork for school desegregation in certain states throughout America.
Friedmann and McGarvie A series of Civil Rights Acts were passed by Congress in support of efforts to deal with discrimination. The Act dealt basically with forbidding discrimination due to race. The Act was enacted to protect blacks from terrorist groups like the Klu Klux Klan. The Act made it illegal to deny services to blacks or separate them from others in an establishment. The , and Acts were put in place to protect the voting rights of blacks.
Combating efforts to keep blacks away from the polls, the Act helped to eliminate the requirement of written and oral exams and the need for character references in the process of voting. Woolworth Company lunch counter in Greensboro, NC. With the blessing of the NAACP and other civil rights groups, the sit-in movement helped to mobilize the nonviolent demonstration efforts of tens of thousands of students, protesting segregation throughout America. This paper was developed by a student taking a Philanthropic Studies course taught at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University.
Grade Level:. The Association has made an indelible mark on our history in the fight for civil rights. From its inception, the organization has advocated for the fair and equal treatment of African Americans.
Etta Ward Definition The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP states its mission as: The NAACP insures the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups and citizens; achieves equality of rights and eliminates race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; removes all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes; seeks to enact and enforce federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights; informs the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and seeks its elimination; educates persons as to their constitutional rights and to take all lawful action in furtherance of these principles.
Harris The initial membership of the NAACP was comprised of a social cross mix of powerful and determined individuals. Wells Barnett : Primarily known for her anti-lynching and suffrage crusading and advocacy work, Ida B.
At the young age of fourteen, she began teaching and later taught at Fisk University in Memphis, Tennessee. Wells was also a newspaper editor and journalist, and seized every opportunity to write about and expose the injustices of racism and sexism. Bennett, wrote for the Conservator in Chicago. She began her anti-lynching writings in , after three of her friends were lynched. In , she published Red Record, outlining the atrocities exacted against African Americans. DuBois, notable writer and political activist, was one of the founding members of the NAACP, where he also founded and served as the editor-in-chief for the Crisis magazine, a publication designed to address civil and human rights issues by educating and reflecting the views of its readers.
DuBois also used the magazine to reflect his own provocative ideas. Rudwick He was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard and he published many research articles on the plight of Blacks in America. After becoming disenchanted with the idea of equality for blacks in America and becoming increasingly supportive of the socialist movement, DuBois, along with his wife, moved to and took up citizenship in Accra, Ghana, where he joined the communist party and soon after died in August of James W.
Johnson : James W. Johnson, along with his brother, J. Our vision is to ensure a society in which all individuals have equal rights and there is no racial hatred or racial discrimination. Learn how we'll get there. Our National Board and executive staff believe deeply in our mission and bring decades of experience in advocacy, organizing, and litigation to steer our efforts to secure civil rights and social justice.
With more than 2 million members and years of experience, we work to make sure Black voices are heard, demands are met, and Black excellence is amplified. See our results. As a c4 organization, we're organized for purpose, not profits.
Among the Association's top priorities was eradicating lynching. Throughout its year campaign, the NAACP waged legislative battles, gathered and published crucial statistics, organized mass protests, and produced artistic material all in the name of bringing an end to the violence. After early worries about its constitutionality, the NAACP strongly supported the federal Dyer Bill, which would have punished those who participated in or failed to prosecute lynch mobs.
Though the U. House of Representatives passed the bill, a Senate filibuster defeated it for good in Despite repeated opportunities in years to follow, such as the Costigan-Wagner Bill, Congress never passed any anti-lynching legislation.
In , Walter F. White succeeded Johnson as executive secretary. White was instrumental not only in his research on lynching in part because, as a very fair-skinned African American, he had been able to infiltrate white groups but also in his successful block of segregationist Judge John J. Parker's nomination by President Herbert Hoover to the U.
Supreme Court. In the association commissioned the Margold Report, which became the basis for the successful reversal of the separate-but-equal doctrine that had governed public facilities since Plessy v. Ferguson In , White recruited Charles H. Board of Education , the decision that overturned Plessy. After years of tension with white labor unions, the Association cooperated with the newly formed Congress of Industrial Organizations in an effort to win jobs for black Americans.
Roosevelt to outlaw job discrimination in the armed forces, defense industries, and the agencies created by the New Deal. Roosevelt ultimately agreed to open thousands of jobs to black workers when labor leader A. Throughout the s, the NAACP saw enormous growth in membership, recording roughly , members by It continued to act as a legislative and legal advocate, and for an end to state-mandated segregation.
Board of Education , which outlawed segregation in public schools. Mitchell Jr. Despite such dramatic courtroom and congressional victories, the implementation of civil rights was a slow, painful, and oft times violent process.
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