It is effective for many pests, including apple and blueberry maggots, Japanese beetles, spittlebugs and tent caterpillars. Some backyard products contain permethrin.
It can be somewhat effective on plum curculio a major, serious tree fruit pest , but not in the low concentrations available to backyard growers. To really control plum curculio, adding a supplemental spray like carbaryl is necessary. Spray oil can help control certain aphids, mites, scales, and pear psyllas on fruit trees oils can also suppress some diseases. Copper soap copper octanoate is effective for cedar apple rust, fire blight and peach leaf curl. Myclobutanil is effective against brown rot and cedar apple rust.
Propiconazole is effective for brown rot, and chlorothalonil is also labeled for brown rot. Bacillus subtilis Serenade is registered for fire blight and gray mold, Streptomyces lydicus Actinovate is labeled for small fruits for gray mold and powdery mildew, and potassium bicarbonate is effective for powdery mildew.
The following sections will give examples and situations where supplementary sprays or sanitation may be helpful. Apple Scab — When growing scab resistant varieties, fungicides are rarely needed. If susceptible varieties are grown, rake and destroy fallen apple leaves in autumn. It is controlled by cutting out and burning the diseased twigs in the fall, winter, or very early spring. All infected wild trees adjacent to the orchard should be destroyed, if possible, to prevent spread of the disease.
Select resistant varieties of plum. Black Rot of Grapes — The fungus causing this disease overwinters on all parts of the plant, but mummified berries on the ground or clinging to the vines are the major infection source in the spring. Removal of mummified fruit is important for management. Captan, copper soap, and myclobutanil are effective for control. Brown Rot of Cherry, Peach and Plum — The fungus that causes this disease overwinters on mummified fruits hanging on the tree or on the ground.
Clean up fallen fruit before, during, and after harvest. Remove and destroy all unharvested fruits and mummified fruits from trees after harvest. Captan, propiconazole, chlorothalonil, or myclobutanil Immunox — Do not use Immunox Plus, it is not labeled for use on fruit are registered. Cedar Apple Rust — The fungus causing this disease overwinters on red cedar trees or junipers growing nearby.
These trees should be removed, where practical, or remove galls in late winter to reduce infection on apple leaves and fruit. Rust can be controlled by applying copper soap copper octanoate prior to pink bud, or myclobutanil from half-inch green through pink. Cherry Leaf Spot — The fungus causing this disease overwinters in infected leaves from the previous season. Raking fallen leaves in the autumn is essential for control. Myclobutanil and Captan are effective for control.
Fire Blight on Apple and Pear — This disease primarily affects spurs and twigs. It is controlled by cutting out and burning blighted branches as soon as they are seen.
Cut at least inches below any sign or symptom of the disease. If there is a history of fire blight, copper soap can be applied as a late dormant spray do not apply copper after green tip or fruit injury may occur.
Cultural practices that promote air circulation can reduce infections. A 3-spray program just before bloom, full bloom, petal fall may eliminate the need for fungicides during harvest. Botrytis also causes blossom blight on blueberries. Captan, Bacillus subtilis , and Streptomyces lydicus are registered. Peach Leaf Curl — Leaves become curled, crinkled, thickened, and red, pink or purple.
Use an insecticide spray formulated for codling moths; the exact formulation may vary according to your state's regulations on pesticides. Organic gardeners may use beneficial nematodes, which feed on the eggs and young larvae of the codling moth. Spray the bark and surrounding soils when temperatures are above freezing.
The moths emerge from their cocoons in orchard litter or bark when the apple trees are in bloom. Each moth lays 50 to 60 eggs, which hatch into ravenous larvae that feed on leaves before burrowing into the developing fruit.
An alternate treatment, Btk Bacillus thuringiensis var. Spray the leaves top and bottom; the larvae must eat the microorganisms. Alternately, spray the developing fruit with a kaolin clay solution. Apply when the codling moths appear, and continue spraying every week.
The solution dries to a powdery film that discourages codling moths, their larvae and apple maggots. In fall, after the harvest, spray the trees with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mix to control anthracnose.
Bordeaux mix is a combination of 4 pounds of copper sulfate, 4 pounds of lime and 50 gallons of water. Apply when temperatures are below 85 degrees and the weather is dry. Use caution when applying Bordeaux mix on young trees; it can burn new foliage. When the leaves drop, spray with lime-sulfur to control blister mites. Each kind of fruit tree has its own ideal fungicide spray schedule based on the diseases that threaten it. Fungicide applications are most critical during the green tip through petal fall stages of apple and pear trees.
Peach trees and plum trees require spring, summer, and fall disease control treatments for best results. Find application timing on the product label for the prevention of specific diseases. Apply insecticidal sprays at 2-week intervals from green tip until bloom, and from petal drop until harvest for general insect control. It is possible for insects to build up tolerance to even the best insecticide if it is used repeatedly.
The solution is to alternate applying insecticides with different active ingredients. If you primarily use a general-purpose spray to kill insects and diseases, alternate the scheduled treatments using a different kind of insecticide to eliminate the risk of pests building up tolerance to either chemical.
Read the active ingredients on the label to be sure. Combination sprays are two different pesticides sold individually, normally an insecticide and a fungicide, mixed into the same sprayer and applied at the same time. Like mixing your own general-purpose fruit tree spray, this practice is a way to customize an application and save time.
Combination spraying is a way to do an all-in-one spray with a single application if your normal procedure is to alternate pesticides. Not all products are compatible, and some mixtures can be dangerous. Read both product labels before mixing to ensure that mixing the two is safe and allowable.
Disclosure: BobVila. You agree that BobVila. All rights reserved. Expert advice from Bob Vila, the most trusted name in home improvement, home remodeling, home repair, and DIY. Need a hand with landscape maintenance? Consider hiring a pro. Spraying is the best method for reducing their numbers.
These pesky flies begin to appear in June and lay their eggs on young fruit. When the larvae hatch, they burrow their way into your beautiful fruit. The best treatment for apple maggots to use apple maggot fly traps near your trees fruit clusters after flower petal fall.
Aphids are one of the most common apple tree pests. Ants love the sticky residue exuded by the aphids and add to the infestation problem. Scale insects attach the woody branches of your fruit tree, and occasionally will attach fruit too. A close relative of aphids, scale control requires a similar protocol.
Pruning your apple trees during the winter helps keep your trees healthy and strong. Removing dead and diseased branches, cutting cross branches, water sprouts, and root suckers will funnel your trees energy to the healthy limbs. Be sure to clean your pruners with rubbing alcohol or bleach between trees so as not to carry a disease from one tree to another. Removing all debris from under the tree is good practice for preventing disease and pest infestations.
Dead leaves, rotting fruit, and other garden debris is a wonderful breeding ground for insects and unwanted fungi. Do not add this to your compost you will keep infesting your own crops! Keep yourself protected while you spraying apple trees. Wear appropriate protective clothing, mask, goggles, and gloves for safety.
Make sure children, pets, and livestock are clear of the area before spraying insecticides and fungicides. Preparing a batch of spray mixture stronger than suggested does not mean you will get faster results. You may just end up causing more harm than good.
Take care to keep all insect pests and disease prevention products safely stored away from children and pets. We hope you found a solution to your fruit tree disease or pest problems. Be sure to bookmark our website, so you can visit often. We are delighted to bring you all the up-to-date information on your fruit orchard gardening needs.
Many of these techniques can be used on your pear trees too. Two other informative posts you might be interested in are How To Plant Apple Trees which will help you get your trees off to a great start.
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