However, many cases go unreported, so the real number of chlamydia infections every year may be closer to 3 million. Men and women can both get the infection, but more cases in women are reported. Infection rates are highest among younger women, with the highest rates of infection occurring in women between ages 15 and The CDC recommends that all sexually active women ages 25 years and younger get screened for chlamydia every year, as well as older women with risk factors like multiple or new partners.
Other risk factors include having had an STI in the past, or currently have an infection, because this could lower resistance. Rates for chlamydia and other STIs have been climbing in recent years. See the new statistics and groups that are most at risk. In this case, the main symptoms are often discharge, pain, and bleeding from this area.
Having oral sex with someone who has the infection raises the risk for getting chlamydia in the throat. Symptoms can include a sore throat , cough , or fever. In some women, the infection can spread to the fallopian tubes , which may cause a condition called pelvic inflammatory disease PID. PID is a medical emergency. Chlamydia can also infect the rectum. Women may not experience symptoms if they have a chlamydia infection in the rectum. If symptoms of a rectal infection do occur, however, they may include rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding.
Additionally, women can develop a throat infection if they perform oral sex on someone with the infection. The good news is that chlamydia is easy to treat. Azithromycin is an antibiotic usually prescribed in a single, large dose. Doxycycline is an antibiotic that must be taken twice per day for about one week. Other antibiotics may also be given. No matter which antibiotic is prescribed, dosage instructions should be followed carefully to make sure the infection clears up fully.
This can take up to two weeks, even with the single-dose medications. Chlamydia is caused by a bacterial infection. The only true cure for this type of infection is antibiotics. But some alternative treatments may help ease symptoms. Home remedies for chlamydia that may be effective for symptoms, not the infection itself include:. If there are none, they may ask why you have concerns. If symptoms are present, the doctor may perform a physical exam.
The initial damage that chlamydia causes often goes unnoticed. However, chlamydial infections can lead to serious health problems with both short- and long-term consequences. In women, untreated chlamydia can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease PID. Symptomatic PID occurs in about 10 to 15 percent of women with untreated chlamydia.
Both acute and subclinical PID can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues. The damage can lead to chronic pelvic pain, tubal factor infertility, and potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy. In pregnant women, untreated chlamydia has been associated with pre-term delivery, 34 as well as ophthalmia neonatorum conjunctivitis and pneumonia in the newborn.
Screening and treatment of chlamydia in pregnant women is the best method for preventing neonatal chlamydial disease. All pregnant women should be screened for chlamydia at their first prenatal visit. Pregnant women under 25 and those at increased risk for chlamydia e. Pregnant women with chlamydial infection should be retested 3 weeks and 3 months after completion of recommended therapy.
Anyone with genital symptoms such as discharge, burning during urination, unusual sores, or rash should refrain from having sex until they are able to see a health care provider about their symptoms. Also, anyone with an oral, anal, or vaginal sex partner who has been recently diagnosed with an STD should see a health care provider for evaluation.
Because chlamydia is usually asymptomatic, screening is necessary to identify most infections. Screening programs have been demonstrated to reduce rates of adverse sequelae in women. Routine screening is not recommended for men. However, the screening of sexually active young men should be considered in clinical settings with a high prevalence of chlamydia e.
Sexually active men who have sex with men MSM who had insertive intercourse should be screened for urethral chlamydial infection and MSM who had receptive anal intercourse should be screened for rectal infection at least annually; screening for pharyngeal infection is not recommended..
More frequent chlamydia screening at 3-month intervals is indicated for MSM, including those with HIV infection, if risk behaviors persist or if they or their sexual partners have multiple partners. At the initial HIV care visit, providers should test all sexually active persons with HIV infection for chlamydia and perform testing at least annually during the course of HIV care.
There are a number of diagnostic tests for chlamydia, including nucleic acid amplification tests NAATs , cell culture, and others. NAATs are the most sensitive tests, and can be performed on easily obtainable specimens such as vaginal swabs either clinician- or patient-collected or urine. Vaginal swabs, either patient- or clinician-collected, are the optimal specimen to screen for genital chlamydia using NAATs in women; urine is the specimen of choice for men, and is an effective alternative specimen type for women.
NAATs have demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity compared with culture for the detection of C. Chlamydia can be easily cured with antibiotics. Persons with chlamydia should abstain from sexual activity for 7 days after single dose antibiotics or until completion of a 7-day course of antibiotics, to prevent spreading the infection to partners. It is important to take all of the medication prescribed to cure chlamydia. Medication for chlamydia should not be shared with anyone.
Although medication will cure the infection, it will not repair any permanent damage done by the disease. Repeat infection with chlamydia is common.
If a person has been diagnosed and treated for chlamydia, he or she should tell all recent anal, vaginal, or oral sex partners all sex partners within 60 days before the onset of symptoms or diagnosis so they can see a health care provider and be treated.
A person with chlamydia and all of his or her sex partners must avoid having sex until they have completed their treatment for chlamydia i. For tips on talking to partners about sex and STD testing, visit www. To help get partners treated quickly, healthcare providers in some states may give infected individuals extra medicine or prescriptions to give to their sex partners.
This is called expedited partner therapy or EPT. In published clinical trials comparing EPT to traditional patient referral i. Latex male condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of getting or giving chlamydia. More information is available at www. Genital ulcers and concomitant complaints in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic: implications for sexually transmitted infections management.
Sexually transmitted diseases ; White JA. Manifestations and management of lymphogranuloma venereum. A person can test for chlamydia at home or in the lab. They can take either a urine sample or a swab. A doctor can advise individuals on the best option. They may also recommend rectal or throat testing, especially for people who are living with HIV. Home screening tests are available, but it is not always easy to do them correctly at home.
The person will likely need to provide a urine sample for a test to confirm a diagnosis. After treatment, they will need to retake the test to ensure that the treatment has worked. If anyone wishes to try home testing, chlamydia screening test kits are available for purchase online. Chlamydia is an infection by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis C. Chlamydia infection can affect several organs, including the penis, vagina, cervix, urethra, anus, eye, and throat. It can cause severe and sometimes permanent damage to the reproductive system.
A person can pass on chlamydia through unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex or through genital contact. As chlamydial infection often has no symptoms, a person may have the infection and pass it on to a sexual partner without knowing.
According to the National Institutes of Health NIH , a mother who has chlamydia infection can pass it on to her baby during childbirth. Sometimes, the infection leads to complications for the infant, such as eye infections or pneumonia. A female who has a diagnosis of chlamydia during pregnancy will need a test 3—4 weeks after treatment to ensure the infection has not returned.
In some cases, chlamydial PID can lead to an inflammation of the capsule that surrounds the liver. The main symptom is pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. The CDC also indicate that pregnant women who have chlamydia or their baby may experience:. This is an infection of the urethra. Sexual health check-ups are recommended for anyone who is sexually active.
Frequency of testing also depends on your STI risk:. Chlamydia is spread when a person has unprotected sex sex without a male or female condom or dental dam with an infected person. Because chlamydial infection often has no symptoms, many people do not realise they have the infection. Even if you know a person well, you may not be able to tell they have an STI, because people can look healthy and still have chlamydia.
Remember, you can get chlamydia and other STIs from a new sexual partner who has in the past had sex with someone who is infected.
If complications from chlamydia infection are present — such as pelvic inflammatory disease PID in women — a longer course of antibiotics will be required. Do not have sex for 7 days after you and your current partner have completed treatment. This includes all kinds of sex vaginal, anal and oral with or without a condom. Sexual partners may be infected too. If you have chlamydia, anyone you have had sex with from the last 6 months needs to be informed, tested and treated.
Most people will appreciate being told they may have an infection and it is an important step in preventing further infection in the community. Your local GP and sexual health centre can help you inform your partners and let them know that they need a test.
It can be done anonymously, and your confidentiality is always respected. You can also anonymously notify your sexual partners of the need to get tested and treated for chlamydia via the Let Them Know website if you feel unable to speak to them personally. There are also nurses called partner notification officers who can help you anonymously notify your partners.
They can be contacted on 03 If you are not sure whether your sexual partner s will seek treatment, ask your doctor for extra chlamydia medication or a prescription. You can give it to them so they can be treated as soon as possible.
This is known as patient delivered partner therapy PDPT for chlamydia. Talk to your doctor to see if PDPT is right for you and your sexual partner s. Safer sex practices reduce the risk of STI transmission.
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